top of page
yehoshua steinberg

Mikeitz: Chanukah wisdom ~ Wonders of The Holy Tongue

Updated: Nov 25, 2022




Article abstract:

In the Torah portion Miketz, the word "חכם" (wise) appears for the first time in Scripture - used by Pharaoh to describe Joseph. In the article, we examine the depth of the word, specifically its uniqueness versus words like "בינה" "דעה", "השכל". We identify a common denominator between the spectrum of words containing the letters "חכ". The conceptual connection underlying this word group is fascinating and instructive, as is the connection to Chanukah, which we are celebrating today. Happy Chanukah!


וְעַתָּה יֵרֶא פַרְעֹה אִישׁ נָבוֹן וְחָכָם וִישִׁיתֵהוּ עַל אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם (בראשית מא:לג).

Now let Pharaoh seek out a discerning and wise man [וְחָכָם] and set him over the land of Egypt (Gen. 41:33).

The verse which appears in the above epigraph is the first appearance of the word חכם in the entire Scripture. Thus, the word wise man first appears in connection to Joseph’s advice to Pharaoh.

The Zohar (Vol. I, 130b) alludes to a connection between חכמה and the wordחכה , waiting: “No eye had ever seen, O God, beside You, what He will do for those who wait [מְחַכֵּה]for Him (Isa. 64:3). What does it mean, to wait for Him? As Scripture states: Elihu waited [חִכָּה] before addressing Job (Job 32:4)…” The Zohar goes on to say that the meaning of חכמה is the ability to infer and extract information: “…And these are the ones who press upon a word of wisdom and extract from it, and wait(ומחכאן) for it, to learn the clarification of the matter.”[1]

Shoresh Yesha (entry חכם) suggests two logical connections between the phonetically related words ,חכם חכה (wait), [2] andחיך (palate):[3] The wise man (חכם) does not speak rashly, instead he waits (מחכה) [to think] before he speaks. He then speaks words that are sweet and pleasant to the palate (חיך).

Based on the above, we will examine the gamut of words in the Leshon kodesh that contain the 2-letter string חכ, checking to see if the other words in this category share similar meanings.

In Sefer Hashorashim (entry חך), Radak lists a number of verses denoting palate.[4] He then cites his father,[5] who held that the root of חך is [6]חנך, and the "dot" (dagesh) that appears in the letter kaf in the verses cited (חִכּוֹ, וְחִכֵּךְ, חִכְּךָ) appears in lieu of the absent letter נ. Radak then adds a second section to this entry, in which he includes the wordחַכָּה (fishing hook) - since the hook latches onto the fish’s palate.[7]

In Aramaic, the word חייכא is the translation of the verb לצחוק (to laugh),[8] an act that involves the palate (from which derives the word חיוך, smile in modern-day Hebrew).[9]

Until now, we have found a connection between words containing the lettersחך and theחֵךְ palate itself. However, there remains one word that seemingly bears no connection to חֵךְ, namely, the word חַכְלִילִי that Jacob used in his deathbed blessings for Judah: the eyes are red [חַכְלִילִי עֵינַיִם] from wine (Gen. 49:21). Nonetheless, our Sages teach us that this word is also based on the root חך. In Ketubot 111b, the Talmud tells us that the wordחַכְלִילִי means כָּל חֵיך שֶׁטוֹעֲמוֹ אוֹמֵר לִי לִי, “Every palate that tastes it says, ‘For me, for me.’”[10]

There is one other instance ofחַכְלִילִי in Scripture, wherein King Solomon appears to hint to the aspect of waiting / pausing (חַכֵּה) inherent in the constituent letters חכ: Who has redness (חַכְלִילוּת) in the eyes? Those who linger over wine (Prov. 23:29-30).[11]

It would appear then that the role of the palate is to instill in us the quality of waiting - both before releasing a word from one’s mouth, and before inserting something into it. Whereas an infant demands immediate satisfaction and does not grasp the unwanted outcomes that are liable to result from inserting random items into his mouth, the wise man foresees results in advance (like it says in Avot).

Similarly, the fish is caught by the hook, because instead of waiting and making a careful assessment, it gobbles down what's in front of it without hesitation. By contrast, in Scripture we find numerous expressions of praise for the ability to wait, such as the word עקב, as explained by Ibn Ezra and others: And all the nations of the world shall bless themselves by your offspring, because [עֵקֶב] you listened to My voice (Gen. 22:18); Ibn Ezra - “עקב - the reward that comes at the end”; Radak - "עקב means the reward… just as the עֲקֵב, heel, is the end of the body, so too reward comes at the end…”[12]

In other words, reward depends on the ability to wait and overcome the desire for immediate gratification.

Similarly, RSRH (Gen. 15:1) compares the word שכר (reward) to the word סכר (a dam),[13] by explaining that reward, like water, can only be realized if allowed to accumulate over time.[14]

As mentioned above, Radak noted that his father showed that the root of the word חֵךְ is חנך. What is the connection between - חנך the root for words such as education and inauguration- and חך?

Based on the above, the connection is clear. An infant is born without the ability to hold back his desires, and it puts anything and everything into its mouth without compunction. The infant needs his parents and teachers to train / educate [לחנך] him in the value of waiting.

Herein lies the secret of Chanuka (another word derived from חנך), which teaches us the value of waiting for God's salvation, as per Rambam’s principle of faith: "I will wait [אחכה] for him [the Messiah] every day, that he should come" - speedily, in our days!

[1] זוהר (א:קל:) - כתיב: עַיִן לֹא רָאָתָה אֱלֹהִים זוּלָתְךָ יַעֲשֶׂה לִמְחַכֵּה לוֹ (ישע' סד:ג), מאי למחכה לו? כמה דאת אמר: וֶאֱלִיהוּ חִכָּה אֶת אִיּוֹב בִּדְבָרִים (איוב לב:ד), ומוסיף הזוהר שפירושה של מלת "חכה" הוא כח הדיוק: ואלין אינון דדחקין למלה דחכמתא ודייקין לה [אלו הם הדוחקים להבין דבר חכמה, ומדייקים בה] ומחכאן לה למנדע ברירא דמלה [ומחכין לה לדעת בירורו של דבר]. ע"כ לשון הזוהר. [2] וע' ספר לקוטי תורה (תורת שמואל תרל"ג [חלק ב, דפים תצא, תצב]) שקישר גם בין "חיך" ל"חכה". [3] ויש לציין שאמנם מנחם בן סרוק לא חבר 'חכם' עם 'חכה', אבל חבר שלש מחלקות קרובות בערך 'חך': 1. לשון "חכה" (המתנה), 2. לשון "חכה" (כלי לדיג) 3. לשון "חיך" (גג הפה). [4] רד"ק (שרש 'חך') - וְחֵךְ אֹכֶל יִטְעַם לוֹ (איוב יב:יא), חִכּוֹ מַמְתַקִּים (שה"ש ה:טז), וְחִכֵּךְ כְּיֵין הַטּוֹב (שם ז:י), אֶל חִכְּךָ שֹׁפָר (הושע ח:א)... ואדוני אבי ז"ל כתב כי שרש 'חך': 'חנך', והדגש ב'חִכּוֹ', 'חִכְּךָ' בפסוקים הנ"ל בעבור הנו"ן... [5]ראה ספר הגלוי, ערך 'חך'. [6] ומכאן לשון "חניכיים", מלה נרדפת ל"חיך": חולין קג: - בין החניכיים; רש"י - בין החניכיים - המדבק בחכו; מאירי - מה שעל החנכיים והוא החיך. [7] חבקוק א:טו - כֻּלֹּה בְּחַכָּה הֵעֲלָה; מצ"צ: בחכה - שם כלי צדיה. איוב מ:כה - תִּמְשֹׁךְ לִוְיָתָן בְּחַכָּה. ישעיהו יט:ח - כָּל מַשְׁלִיכֵי בַיְאוֹר חַכָּה. [8] בראשית יח:יב - וַתִּצְחַק שָׂרָה בְּקִרְבָּהּ לֵאמֹר אַחֲרֵי בְלֹתִי הָיְתָה לִּי עֶדְנָה; ת"א - וחייכת שרה במעהא למימר בתר דסיבית תהי לי ולימו. בראשית לט:יד - הֵבִיא לָנוּ אִישׁ עִבְרִי לְצַחֶק בָּנוּ; ת"א - איתי לנא גברא עבראה לחיכא בנא. [9] ומכאן "חיוך" בלשון המדוברת (אור חדש, בראשית מא:לג). [10] כתובות קיא: - חַכְלִילִי עֵינַיִם מִיָּיִן (בר' מט:יב) - כל חיך שטועמו אומר לי, לי. [11] משלי כג:כט-ל - לְמִי חַכְלִלוּתעֵינָיִם. לַמְאַחֲרִים[דהיינו, שוהים] עַלהַיָּיִן... [12] בראשית כב:יח - וְהִתְבָּרֲכוּ בְזַרְעֲךָ כֹּל גּוֹיֵי הָאָרֶץ עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקֹלִי; אב"ע - עקב - שכר באחרית; רד"ק - עקב, פירושו שכר, והוא מענין עקב כמו שהעקב סוף הגוף כן השכר סוף, כי בשכר המעשה יבוא השכר בסוף. ול' חז"ל "עיכוב" בעצמה נובעת מל' מקרא "עקב". ראה למשל צרור המור (בר' כה:לא), הכוה"ק (שם כז:לו). [13] בחילוף אותיות גיכ"ק, וזסשר"ץ. [14] רש"ר הירש בראשית טו:א - שכרך הרבה מאד - 'שכר' קרוב ל'סכר'... לסתום פרצה, למלא חסרון. ואכן, זה כל עצמו של שכר: מי שהקריב מכחו ומזמנו, נוטל את שכרו וממלא את חסרנו. ורש"ר הירש משווה גם את המלה "חכם" בעצמה ל"אגם" (בחילוף אותיות אחע"ה וגיכ"ק): רש"ר הירש בראשית מא:לג - איש נבון וחכם -'חכם' קרוב ל'אגם': קליטת... המצוי.

155 views1 comment

1 Comment


wegesil330
Sep 09

We are proud to be recognized as the top Group Buy SEO Tools provider, the number one SEO Tools Agency, and the leading SEO Group Buy company globally.

Like
bottom of page